Engineering a Solution for Time Together

For a long time, my dad has struggled with chronic back pain. Despite that, one thing we've always loved doing together is playing golf. But his back issues made walking the course difficult, and using a powered golf cart meant we weren't spending time together. This project was born from a simple question: what if my dad could still walk the course without having to carry or push his bag?

Electric Golf Cart

Electric Cart In Progress

The Problem

Chronic Back Pain

My dad's chronic back pain made carrying a golf bag impossible and pushing a standard cart difficult due to the constant forward lean required.

Lost Connection

Using a powered golf cart meant we weren't walking together — the conversations, jokes, and quiet moments on the fairway were all lost.

Expensive Solutions

Electric push carts on the market cost around $1,500 and offered little innovation — something that could be built for a fraction of the price.

The Solution

Build a fully functional, Wi-Fi-controlled electric golf push cart from the ground up — customized exactly to what my dad needed.

Design Requirements & Initial Planning

Engineering Calculations

Torque Calculations

I began by calculating the amount of torque and force required to move the cart up different slopes, factoring in the weight of the golf bag, the cart, and the incline of the course. After several calculations, I had a good set of numbers that defined what kind of motors I'd need and how powerful the system would have to be.

Core Design Requirements

📡

Completely Wireless

No cables between controller and cart

📦

Compact Design

Integrate seamlessly with existing cart

🎮

Easy to Control

Intuitive handheld remote control

🔋

Long Battery Life

Multiple rounds without recharging

Technical Components & System Design

ESP32 Microcontrollers

ESP32

Purpose: Wireless Communication

Two ESP32s — one in the handheld controller and one in the cart — connected via Wi-Fi for responsive, long-range communication while keeping the system simple and modern.

Motor System

Motors

Challenge: Initial Motor Failure

First motors from China had misleading specs — advertised torque was only instantaneous, not sustained. Replaced with higher-quality motors capable of handling the actual load requirements.

Dual-Channel Motor Driver

Motor Driver

Reliability: One of the Best Parts

Compact design that stayed cool under load with all components rated for much higher voltage than used. Proved to be one of the most reliable parts of the system.

Battery System

Battery

Specs: 24V, 15Ah LiFePO4

Two 12-volt LiFePO4 batteries wired in series, providing enough capacity to last through roughly two full rounds of golf on hilly terrain without recharging.

Controller Evolution

Version 1.0: Joystick Design

Original Controller

Problems

  • Large and bulky
  • Uncomfortable to hold
  • Easy to bump accidentally
  • Fragile construction

Version 2.0: Button-Based Design

Final Controller

Improvements

  • Compact (2" × 2")
  • Fits in pocket
  • Intuitive button controls
  • 18650 battery powered
  • Onboard voltage regulation
  • Rechargeable

The Gearbox Challenge

The motor change created a new engineering challenge. The new motors were direct-drive, meaning they lacked built-in gear reduction. To get the necessary torque, I needed to design my own gearbox.

Worm Gear Solution

Worm Gear Design

36:1 Reduction Ratio

Perfect balance of torque multiplication and speed

~10 MPH Top Speed

Well above walking speed for any terrain

High Torque Output

Capable of handling steep inclines with full load

Design Iterations & Problem Solving

1

Initial 3D Printed Gears

Problem: Standard printed parts couldn't handle the torque. Gears would strip repeatedly, with layer lines splitting under stress.

Failed Gear
2

Multiple Reprints & Testing

Challenge: Countless nights of reprinting, reassembling, and testing, only to watch the same failure happen again.

Testing Process
3

SLS Carbon-Composite Print

Solution: Pivoted to Selective Laser Sintering with carbon-composite material for higher strength and heat resistance. Applied marine grease for smooth operation.

Final Gear

The Breakthrough Moment

"Watching the wheels turn smoothly for the first time felt like the payoff for every late night spent tweaking the design."

CAD Design & Manufacturing

Once I had the components figured out, I began building everything in Onshape, designing each bracket, motor mount, and housing from scratch. The process went through many iterations — weeks spent refining the designs to make them lighter, easier to print, and more durable.

The Final Result

✓ System Performance

The controller communicated reliably with the cart over Wi-Fi, and the motors delivered smooth, steady motion even on hills.

✓ Pain-Free Golf

My dad could walk beside me during an entire round without having to push or carry anything. The cart followed him effortlessly.

✓ Time Together Restored

For the first time in a long time, my dad could walk the course pain-free, and we could spend that time together — talking, laughing, and sharing the game we love.

Technical Summary

Communication:

Dual ESP32 Wi-Fi system

Power:

24V, 15Ah LiFePO4

Drivetrain:

36:1 worm gear reduction

Speed:

~10 MPH maximum

Range:

2+ full rounds

Controller:

2" × 2" pocket-sized

Beyond the Engineering

"It wasn't just a project anymore — it was a solution that changed the way we experienced the game."

What started as a simple idea to make golf easier for my dad became a deep engineering challenge — involving mechanical design, electrical systems, embedded programming, and problem-solving at every level. But beyond all the technical details, what made it meaningful was the personal motivation behind it.

What Made It Worth Building

Every gear, wire, and line of code represented not just a piece of a machine, but a way to restore something important to both of us — time together.

And that, more than anything, is what made it worth building.

Skills & Disciplines Applied

Mechanical Design

Custom gearbox, mounts, and brackets

Electrical Systems

Power distribution, motor control, battery management

Embedded Programming

ESP32 Wi-Fi communication, control systems

Iterative Problem-Solving

Multiple design revisions and material testing

CAD Design

Onshape modeling and assembly

Manufacturing

3D printing, SLS printing, assembly